Telia Rumals of Chirala, Puttapaka and Ponchampalli. These double ikat squares were created in a small area of Andra Pradesh using an unusual combination of Alizarin, iron or indigo and numerous vegetable oils in the process. The colours were all a variation of red, pink or purple depending on the oil mordants used. The name Telia means oil and Rumal means handkerchief or square. The finished cloth has a strong oil smell. These were used by fishermen as turbans and loincloths as well as by nobility. The history of this technique has not been recorded before 1955. Therefore it is interesting trying to find remaining practitioners who can add to the scant knowledge in print. These weavers find their children are not interesting in carrying out this traditional craft, as the time consuming process is not economically rewarding.
Chirala, is thought to be the town where this weaving craft began. Out of a population of 100,000 there are 20,000 hand weavers, but only one family until recently involved in the Telia Rumal. Mr. Gunti Bhaskara Rao who worked with his brother, now deceased, stated that it took them one month to complete the dyeing process for one warp of Telia rumal yielding 8 pieces each about one metre square. Then of course the weft must be dyed before the actual weaving can begin. They had been doing the dyeing and had 6 weavers in the village to complete the cloth. However they are all over 65 years old and have retiring from this work. This finishes a craft that 50 years ago had several thousand weavers in full time production. The designs, mainly divided up into grids, varied according to location. Near Hyderabad mainly small geometric designs were used. However in Chirala they included figurative work including modern images airplanes, Victrolas (early record players) and clocks. I found it interesting to collect many different examples of this fabric.

 

In Ponchampalli, a small village with hundreds of weavers, I found one more weaver, Mr. Chiluveru Ramalingum, actually doing this entire process with the alizarin dye. His skill and fineness of detail have earned him National Awards and prestige . There are other weavers who continue the style, but have switched to chemical dyes which save an enormous amount of time.

I learned that the demise oft this craft began when Manchester textile mills started printing imitations of this cloth and taking over the export market to Arab countries that had kept this skill thriving earlier this century. A piece of this printed fabric was so well done that I had not picked it out as imitation. Modern designers are using the style and motifs of Telia Rumals and adapting them for use today as yard goods, saris, and articles of home furnishing. This is helping to expand the market and preserve the skill of the resist dyeing, if not the actual dyeing process.
 

 

During the Nizam's dynasty "Puttapaka" a small backward village of Telangana region of A.P. had about 20 families engaged in handloom weaving, who were patronized by  The rich Muslim families, Damsthanams and Nizam rulers. With very limited resources the weavers used to achieve spectacular results. The Gajam family have lived in Puttapaka for the last 100 years having a   pioneering history of producing the Telia Rumal. The late Shri Gajam Veeraiah, father of the present weavers was a Master weaver in his community. The Master weaver status began in 1956 after India's independence and with the inception of the Co-operative movement. Presently two of the brothers hold the master weaver status. The late Pupal Jayakar - then advisor to the Government of India visited the village of Puttapaka and apprised their work.  Mr. G. Ramulu, eldest brother was awarded the "VISVAKARMA"  by the late Smt. Indira Gandhi, then Prime Minister of India. He was also awarded with "National Award in Tie and Dye (Ikat) in 1990 and  has won a UNESCO craft prize in 1992  for his contribution to the craft.  More recently National Awards have been bestowed on Ramulu's wife Rambhaiamma and his other brother Narsimha.

TELIA RUMALS OF PUTTAPAKA

new2.jpg (9820 bytes)

An example of "new" technology reflected in the imagery of the Telia Rumal. This double ikat piece is unusual in that only one dye colour was used. Notice the fine cross hatching detail in the plane wings and clock body.

 

His brother Mr.G.Govardhana has won a National Award as well as being honored by the President of India in 1983. He visited Denmark as an official delegate in the Festival of India held in 1988. He was appointed by the Government of India to the Weavers' Service Center under the ministry of Textiles in 1975. He served in the department until 1998, concentrating on developing many types of fabric using the traditional tie and dye techniques. He also developed wider width bed covers and hangings using traditional motifs of the Telia Rumal.
Govar1.JPG (27087 bytes)

Mr. Govardhana demonstrating at the International Ikat Forum in Sarawak, Borneo in June 1999.
graph.JPG (26828 bytes)

demonstration loom with graphed design for tie-dyeing the threads before putting on loom.
He has now given up weaving to run a handloon cloth business along with his 4 brothers. They trade as the Murali Saree Emporium, Dilsukhnagar, Hyderabad and can be contacted by fax 91 40 2406 6920 or phone 91 40 2406 7062. In their personal collection are many fine old pieces of interesting design and colour showing the diversity of image within the framework of the craft. Some of their pieces have been sold to major museums with textile sections around the world.

Bina Rao is a designer, trained at the National Design Institute in Ahmedabad, Gujarat. Her trained eye has seen the value in Telia Rumals as a design element and has proceeded to adapt for modern usage. She uses computer graphics to prepare work for village weavers to produce. This modern day approach is helping to preserve these skills.

Link from here to learn more about Telia Rumal

  click here to send me a message

Top Patan Patola | Telia Rumal | Koyalagudum Ikat